Scalp-Implantable MIMO Antenna for High-Data-Rate Head Implants

A quad-element multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is designed at 433 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, to increase the transmission data-rate minimize multipath fading. The proposed MIMO consists of semicircular meandered radiators with a shared ground. It optimized inside an implantable device in human head model. antenna’s results show 10 dB fractional bandwidth 38.26% (355–523 MHz) peak realized gain −28.3 dBi. high isolation ( $>$ 32.6 dB) between elements obtained using central metallic via. Specific absorption rate link budget are analyzed validate effectiveness this antenna. 4 × channel parameters calculated validated. Furthermore, provides capacity 19.9 bps/Hz which about three times higher than single-input–single-output configuration notation="LaTeX">$\approx$ 5.89 bps/Hz. Hence, promising candidate for high-data-rate implants.